I’m pregnant: Everything you need to know about weeks 1–4 of pregnancy

The moment when you hold the positive pregnancy test in your hand and think: I’m pregnant. A joyful moment that changes your life. With this thought, countless emotions, questions and wishes come your way.

In our pregnancy guide for weeks 1-4, you’ll find everything you want to know right now: from typical symptoms in early pregnancy and tips on proper nutrition to the development of your baby.

From now on, your very own special adventure begins. We at my junior® will be by your side – beyond the fourth week of pregnancy. We’ll ease your worries, answer your questions, and help you to understand your body, your happiness, and your baby even better.

Let's start right at the very beginning of your pregnancy calendar together: with the first four weeks of pregnancy.

Weeks 1–4 of pregnancy at a glance

Your baby in weeks 1-4 of pregnancy:

• In the 1st and 2nd weeks of pregnancy, you are not officially pregnant yet, but your body is already busily preparing for ovulation.
• In the 3rd week of pregnancy, fertilisation takes place. The egg cell and the sperm merge to form a zygote – the adventure begins.
• In the 4th week of pregnancy, the fertilised egg implants itself into the lining of the uterus. From this point onwards, the embryonic phase begins.
• Perhaps the heartbeat is even beginning now – even if it cannot yet be seen on the ultrasound.
• Your baby is tiny – about the size of a poppy seed.
  
  

Your body in the first weeks of pregnancy:

• Your hormonal balance is completely changing: HCG, oestrogen, and progesterone are taking command.
• The first signs of pregnancy may appear: tiredness, tender breasts, nausea, or a heightened sense of smell and taste.
• Some women don’t notice anything at all – that’s completely normal as well.
• During this time, there may also be a slight implantation bleed – it is often mistaken for a period.
  
  

The rollercoaster of emotions and physical changes

They say that weeks 1-4 of pregnancy feel like a real rollercoaster of emotions – and there’s definitely some truth to that. From overjoyed to thoughtful: your hormones are now turning everything upside down.

Added to this are typical companions such as tiredness, morning sickness, and many physical changes. All of this is part of this exciting time – and it affects how you feel.

We want to show you: You are not alone on this emotional journey. Your body is achieving great things right now, while you gradually get used to your new happiness.

Interesting facts about foetus and mum

The first weeks of pregnancy are particularly sensitive. Your body is working flat out behind the scenes: the fertilised egg cell divides, travels through the fallopian tube, and finds its place in the uterus. Implantation is a true masterpiece of nature – and triggers the first surges of hormones.

Now is a good time to pay attention to yourself and your body:

• 🌿 Eat a balanced diet: ideally rich in folic acid (e.g. green vegetables, whole grains, pulses).
• 🛌 Treat yourself to some rest. Feeling tired is perfectly normal.
• 🚰 Drink plenty – especially if you are already experiencing mild nausea.

Even though you can hardly believe it: your baby's heart could already be starting to beat. Still very faintly, but full of strength for what is to come.

How does the embryo develop during these first weeks?

The 5 most important facts about your baby in weeks 1-4:

• Development begins: The first weeks mark the beginning of your pregnancy. The fertilised egg cell divides and eventually implants itself in the wall of the uterus.
• Cell division: After fertilisation, the zygote (cluster of cells) divides several times and forms an embryo, which is then implanted into the wall of the uterus.
• Formation of the basic structures: In the first weeks of pregnancy, the development of the baby’s most important organ systems and body parts begins, even though it is still very small.
• Heartbeat: Towards the end of the 4th week of pregnancy, the embryo’s heart may begin to beat, even though it is not yet visible on ultrasound.
• Size of the embryo: At the end of the 4th week of pregnancy, the embryo is about the size of a poppy seed.

The pram you've always wanted.

Tips for weeks 1–4 of pregnancy

• Living healthily: Now is the time for a balanced diet (plenty of nutrients), enough sleep, and gentle exercise.
• Scheduling doctor's appointments: Right at the beginning of your pregnancy, you will have several appointments with your doctor.
• Building a community: Do you have contact with other pregnant women or parents with small children? Exchanging experiences with other expectant mothers can be worth its weight in gold.

You don’t really need to worry about maternity protection yet during the fourth week of pregnancy. However, many pregnant women are already thinking about how and when to tell their manager that they are expecting a baby. In our guide to maternity protection, you can find out more about your rights.

Am I pregnant? Early signs of pregnancy (pregnancy symptoms)

Missed period

The absence of your period can be an early sign of pregnancy. If your cycle is usually regular and you suddenly miss a period, this could be an indication. In general, missing your period is considered a reliable sign. However, bear in mind that your period can also be missed for other reasons. Stress, stopping the pill, or other factors can also cause your period to be late.

Nausea and vomiting

Many women experience nausea and vomiting during the first weeks of pregnancy, especially in the morning. This so-called “morning sickness” can be a typical sign of pregnancy. Here you can find out everything you need to know about nausea in pregnancy and why it occurs.

Sensitive breasts

If your breasts are more sensitive than usual and may also swell slightly, this could be a sign. Usually, the areolas also become noticeably larger. If you experience uncomfortable tension in your breasts, gentle massages, warm compresses or a bath can help.

Fatigue

A sudden and persistent fatigue can also be a sign. If you constantly feel exhausted despite getting enough sleep, it could indicate pregnancy. This is due to the hormone progesterone. Your body produces more of it after ovulation. Progesterone prepares the lining of the womb for the implantation of the egg. As a result, you may feel tired all the time.

Frequent urge to urinate

If you suddenly find yourself needing to go to the toilet more often than usual, this could be a sign. Due to the hormonal changes in your body, more urine is produced. The reason for this is that the increase in blood volume and improved blood circulation cause your kidneys to work harder and therefore produce more urine. Many women also experience bladder weakness during pregnancy. The cause here too lies in the hormonal changes in the body. The hormone progesterone has a relaxing effect on the bladder’s sphincter muscle. This also means that it is possible you may lose a little urine when you laugh or sneeze.

Change in sense of taste and smell

Many women report a changed sense of taste during early pregnancy. Foods they previously enjoyed suddenly taste different or even disgusting. The same often applies to certain smells. A perfume that the partner may have been using for years can suddenly become unbearable for pregnant women. It is suspected that this is a protective mechanism of the body. However, this has not been proven.

Is it possible to feel pregnancy symptoms this early?

Yes, you can already feel symptoms in early pregnancy. However, these are entirely individual and differ from one mum to another. Common pregnancy complaints at the beginning of pregnancy include: tiredness, nausea, and tender breasts.

I’m pregnant – what now?

When should I schedule my first doctor’s appointment?

As soon as you have a positive pregnancy test in your hand, you should make an appointment with your gynaecologist. There, another pregnancy test is usually carried out using a urine sample and your blood will be taken. The first antenatal check-up (including an ultrasound scan) usually takes place in the 8th or 9th week of pregnancy. This already provides initial results and information about your baby.

Am I still allowed to do sports?

If you were already doing sports before your pregnancy, are not experiencing any discomfort, and your doctor has not advised you otherwise, you can continue to exercise. Pregnancy yoga, swimming, and Nordic walking in particular have a positive effect on your health.

You should, however, avoid extreme sports or sports with a high risk of falling beyond week 4 of pregnancy. Team sports involving intense physical contact can also have a negative impact.

What diet is recommended in the first weeks of pregnancy?

In the first weeks, a balanced diet is especially important. Foods rich in folic acid are recommended, as these promote the healthy development of your baby. Folic acid can be found in green leafy vegetables and pulses. Protein sources such as lean meat, fish, eggs and nuts are essential for your baby's growth. Fruit and vegetables provide important vitamins and fibre.

You should avoid raw meat, raw eggs and fish, as well as unpasteurised dairy products, in order to minimise the risk of foodborne infections.

Important: Please drink plenty of water or unsweetened beverages (such as tea) so that you and your baby are adequately supplied with fluids. This is especially important if you are suffering from morning sickness and have to vomit frequently, as you need to compensate for the loss of fluids.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Start of Pregnancy (FAQs)

Can I already feel the first symptoms of pregnancy?

Yes, that is indeed possible. Many women notice early signs shortly after conception, such as tiredness, tender breasts, a changed sense of taste, or a queasy stomach. This is due to the rise in the pregnancy hormone HCG, also known as chorionic gonadotropin. This hormone is produced by the chorion—a part of the early placenta—after the implantation of the blastocyst, which is what the cluster of cells is called at this stage.

How do I deal with morning sickness?

Nausea affects many expectant mothers in the first weeks. The hormonal changes, particularly the production of HCG, play a major role in this. What helps: small snacks even before getting up, such as a rusk by the bed, drinking plenty of fluids, and avoiding fatty foods. An experienced midwife can also suggest individual alternatives to classic home remedies.

How reliable are pregnancy tests at this early stage?

A test is usually reliable from the time your last period is missed. Early tests can even detect the hormone HCG a few days after conception. This works because it is produced by the chorion. If you want to be certain, you can have a blood test done at the doctor’s or in hospital. That is particularly sensitive.

What exactly happens in my body during the first four weeks?

Your body is a true marvel: after fertilisation, the egg cell becomes a blastocyst and travels from the ovary through the fallopian tube into the womb. There, it implants itself. Sometimes you may feel this as a pulling sensation in your abdomen. From the blastocyst develop cells that will later form the placenta, the yolk sac, and your baby's first organs. Everything is now preparing for a new direction: the preparation for new life.

What am I allowed to eat and what should I rather avoid?

Now the production of many important cells is in full swing, especially for the early development of the embryo. That’s why you need: folic acid, iron, proteins, vitamins – for example from green vegetables, whole grains, eggs, and nuts. Avoid raw meat, unpasteurised cheese, certain types of fish. And refrain from nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine. This way, you create the best conditions for the development of the placenta, amniotic sac, yolk sac & co.

What can I do to minimise the risk of a miscarriage?

Living healthily is now absolutely essential: get enough sleep, avoid stress, steer clear of drugs or harmful chemicals. Listen to your body and be gentle with yourself. Regular appointments with your doctor or midwife are also important – they support you with knowledge, experience, and often specialised training, especially regarding early pregnancy. In this way, you optimally strengthen yourself and your happiness for the journey ahead.

How does a fertilised egg develop into a baby?

After conception, the fertilised egg divides into more and more cells. This forms what is known as the blastocyst. It implants itself into the lining of the uterus about five to seven days after fertilisation. From this point, the actual development of the embryo begins. The amniotic cavity forms, and the yolk sac nourishes the baby during the first few weeks. At the same time, the placenta develops—later also called the afterbirth—which supplies your baby with everything essential for life until birth.

What is the difference between the chorion and the placenta?

The chorion is the outer membrane of the blastocyst. It forms in early pregnancy and later becomes part of the placenta. The chorion is therefore an early structure, which, together with the yolk sac and other embryonic tissues, lies within the gestational sac. The placenta then develops from these structures as the pregnancy progresses and, from around the 12th week, takes over the complete supply of nutrients and oxygen to your baby.

The dream buggy you always wanted.

Here’s where you go to the next week of pregnancy.